High turbidity in water can harm disinfection because turbid particles do what?

High turbidity in water significantly impacts the effectiveness of disinfection processes largely because turbid particles can shield bacteria from disinfectants. When turbidity levels are elevated, it indicates the presence of particulate matter, including organic and inorganic materials, which can physically block disinfectants from reaching and inactivating microorganisms. This shielding effect means that even if a disinfectant is added to the water, its efficacy may be reduced since it cannot effectively contact and act upon all the bacteria present.

In contrast, higher levels of turbidity do not dissolve contaminants or inherently attract disinfecting agents, nor do they increase the water's clarity. Instead, they create an environment that complicates the disinfection process, emphasizing the importance of treating or managing turbidity before disinfection to ensure water safety.