Cavitation typically damages which component of a pump?

Cavitation primarily damages the impeller of a pump. This phenomenon occurs when the pressure within the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. As these bubbles travel through the pump and pass into areas of higher pressure, they collapse violently. This implosion exerts intense forces on the impeller's surfaces, resulting in pitting, erosion, and eventually significant wear or damage to the impeller itself.

The impeller is a critical component designed to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, and any damage to it can severely affect the pump's efficiency and performance. Understanding cavitation is crucial for managing pump operations and ensuring they run smoothly, as prolonged cavitation can lead to pump failure and the need for costly repairs or replacements.